The illustration on the left represents a healthy neuron in contrast to the nerve on the right that is affected by MS.

When the nerves that control urination are affected, it can result in either urinary retention (incomplete emptying of the bladder) or overactive bladder (bladder spasms).

Over 80% of those living with MS will experience bladder issues¹ and symptoms may include:

• Frequency, urgency and/or hesitancy of urination
• Frequent nighttime urination
• Incontinence
• Incomplete bladder emptying

^{References: 1. https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/MS-Symptoms/Bladder-Dysfunction}